Spatial Risk Smoothing
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper describes a method for estimating insurance claims or risk premiums allowing for spatial dependence as well as explanatory factors. The concepts are related to those used for graduation of mortality tables using cubic splines but extended to spatial dependence as found in many insurance products. Firstly techniques for measuring spatial dependence are reviewed. Then models with bivariate thin plate splines and penalised least squares objectives are fit to the explanatory factors and the spatial smoothing. Data for property prices by postcode along with explanatory factors is used to illustrate the application of the method to smoothing spatial variation in prices by postcode.
منابع مشابه
The Impact of Maritime Transportation Instability on International Trade Instability: Combination Spatial Panel data Econometric Approach and Wavelet Smoothing
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of maritime transportation instability on international trade instability based on wavelet smoothing and spatial panel data econometric method during the period 1990-2012. The results showed that the spatial effects have an impact on international trade instability. So that a sudden 100 percent increase in international trade in the nei...
متن کاملEvaluation of the Performance of Smoothing Functions in Generalized Additive Models for Spatial Variation in Disease
Generalized additive models (GAMs) with bivariate smoothing functions have been applied to estimate spatial variation in risk for many types of cancers. Only a handful of studies have evaluated the performance of smoothing functions applied in GAMs with regard to different geographical areas of elevated risk and different risk levels. This study evaluates the ability of different smoothing func...
متن کاملThe Application of Geographical Information System in Explaining Spatial Distribution of Low Birth Weight; a Case Study in North of Iran
Background: Geographical Information System is a new tool in environmental epidemiology that makes the opportunity of visualization and analysis of spatial data. The aim of this study was to determine the geographic variation of low birth weight using geographic information system in order to evaluate the efficacy of primary health care and health information system. Methods: Low birth weight r...
متن کاملAn adaptive spatiotemporal smoothing model for estimating trends and step changes in disease risk
Statistical models used to estimate the spatiotemporal pattern in disease risk from areal unit data represent the risk surface for each time period with known covariates and a set of spatially smooth random effects. The latter act as a proxy for unmeasured spatial confounding, whose spatial structure is often characterized by a spatially smooth evolution between some pairs of adjacent areal uni...
متن کاملAN ADDITIVE MODEL FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL SMOOTHING OF CANCER MORTALITY RATES
In this paper, a Bayesian hierarchical model is used to anaylze the female breast cancer mortality rates for the State of Missouri from 1969 through 2001. The logit transformations of the mortality rates are assumed to be linear over the time with additive spatial and age effects as intercepts and slopes. Objective priors of the hierarchical model are explored. The Bayesian estimates are quite ...
متن کامل